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wheat germ agglutinin
Wheat germ agglutinin or WGA is a lectin that protects wheat (Triticum vulgaris) from insects, yeast and bacteria. An agglutinin protein, it binds to N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and Sialic acid. N-acetyl-D-glucosamine in the natural environment of wheat is found in the chitin of insects, and the cell membrane of yeast & bacteria. WGA is found abundantly—but not exclusively—in the wheat kernel, where it got the 'germ' name from. In mammals the N-acetyl-D-glucosamine that WGA binds to is found in cartilage〔http://www.springerlink.com/content/l436342163g6m764/〕 and cornea〔http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cne.902680202/abstract〕 among other places. In those animals sialic acid is found in mucous membranes, e.g. the lining of the inner nose, and digestive tract.
In solution, WGA exists mostly as a heterodimer of 38,000 daltons. It is cationic at physiological pH.
== See also ==
* Proteopedia: (2uvo ) - High resolution crystal structure of Wheat Germ Agglutinin in complex with N-acetyl-D-glucosamine
* Proteopedia: (2uwg ) - Crystal structure of Wheat Germ Agglutinin isolectin 1 in complex with glycosylurethan
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